Tester Interview Questions at Wipro

What is Fluent Wait in Selenium and when is it used? Compare it with WebDriverWait, explain how to configure polling interval and ignored exceptions, and give a scenario where Fluent Wait is the only viable option.

What is Parallel Testing and why is it useful in automation? Explain how to configure parallel execution in TestNG using the suite XML, the thread-safety concerns with WebDriver instances, and how to manage them with ThreadLocal.

Explain the difference between a Scenario and a Scenario Outline in Cucumber BDD. When would you use a Scenario Outline, and how do you supply multiple data rows using the Examples table? Show a real-world login test example.

What is an Automation Framework? Explain its structure. Describe the layers: test data, page objects, utilities, test runner, reporters. Why is a framework needed vs raw Selenium scripts? Compare Data-Driven, Keyword-Driven, and Hybrid frameworks.

Explain the purpose of the pom.xml file in a Maven project. Describe the key sections: groupId/artifactId/version, dependencies, plugins, build lifecycle phases (compile, test, package, install), and how to add a Selenium + TestNG dependency with the correct scope.

Describe how pop-ups can be handled using Selenium. Cover alert/confirm/prompt dialogs (driver.switchTo().alert()), browser-native file upload dialogs, and custom modal pop-ups built with HTML/CSS.

Describe OOP concepts and how they are applied in automation frameworks. Give concrete examples: Encapsulation in Page Objects (private WebElements), Inheritance for BaseTest/BasePage, Polymorphism for multi-browser driver factories, and Abstraction via interfaces for reporting.

Describe JSON Schema Validation and its importance in API testing. What is a JSON schema? How do you validate that an API response conforms to the expected schema using Rest Assured or Postman? Give an example schema for a user object with required fields and type constraints.

Explain common HTTP status codes returned by APIs (2xx, 3xx, 4xx, 5xx). Differentiate between 401 vs 403, 404 vs 400, and 502 vs 503. How do you validate these in automated API tests?

Describe the role of a Step Definition file in Cucumber BDD. How does Cucumber link a Gherkin step to a Java method using annotations like @Given, @When, @Then? Show a complete example with a feature file and its corresponding step definition.

Differentiate between Path Parameters and Query Parameters in REST APIs. Give examples: /users/{id} vs /users?role=admin. When should each be used? How do you pass and validate them in automated API tests using Rest Assured or Postman?

Explain the purpose of Data Tables in Cucumber scenarios. How do they differ from Scenario Outline? Show an example where a Data Table passes multiple fields to a single step (e.g., a registration form), and how to read it using DataTable or a list of maps in the step definition.

Explain the usage of Java collections in automation frameworks. When would you use a List vs Set vs Map in a test framework? Give real examples: storing test data in a List, deduplicating locators in a Set, mapping test case names to results in a LinkedHashMap.

Write a program to remove duplicate elements from an array and calculate the frequency of each character in a string. For the array: use a LinkedHashSet or a frequency map. For character frequency: use a HashMap<Character, Integer>. Analyse time and space complexity of each approach.

Provide an XPath expression to fetch values from the second column of a web table. Explain absolute vs relative XPath, axes like following-sibling and child, and how to handle tables with dynamic row counts.

How are Tags used to organise or control test execution in Cucumber? Explain how to tag scenarios with @smoke, @regression, @wip, how to run only specific tagged tests from the command line, and how tags can be combined with AND/OR/NOT logic.

How can nested JSON responses be handled in API testing? Show how to extract a deeply nested value (e.g., response.data.user.address.city) using Rest Assured's JsonPath, and how to validate arrays of objects within the response.

Explain different ways to perform page scrolling during Selenium automation. Cover: JavascriptExecutor (scrollBy, scrollIntoView), Actions class for keyboard scroll, scrolling to a specific element, and infinite scroll testing strategies.